Imbued with transcendental aura, ukara conveys the sacrality and prestige of the Ekpe secret society. These lettere were heeded to and in April 1846, the first missionaries arrived Old Calabar. The tentative program is as follows: January 27th and 28th, 2012. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. [59] Ekpe is first mentioned in the historical literature of Old Calabar in the 1770s. Osirica brotherhood is the root of all the mason societies, dating back around 2300 B.C. The presentation, by Ekpe members from Cameroon, Nigeria and Cuba was arranged by Chief Dr. Ivor Miller and coordinated by Sessekous Ojong-Orock, Joseph Mbu and Mbe Tazi. After the tapping process, the wine is left to ferment for five hours. It is uncertain the specific year that the Efik arrived Creek Town. The cult members are usually violent and self-destructive to the point of committing suicide. According to Historians, this technique of indigo-dyeing was developed in the Dogon kingdom in Mali (West Africa) dating back to the 11th century. Nsibidi is a body of ideographic, abstract, and gestural signs deployed by the Ekpe society as a form of coded communication. Members are bound by oath of secrecy, and fees on entrance are payable. Several accounts have been given on the migration from Creek town to Obutong. [77] The fibre of the leaf-stalk of a palm was made into a thread and woven to make clothes and bags. In its vastness, the Ekpe is a well structured society with semi-caste characteristics, in that, there are categories and titles which one may qualify to be initiated into, while others are strictly reserved for persons of certain status and backgrounds. Types of African Print Fabrics You Should Know Of - Fashinza The practice and display of Ekpe masquerade have been modified. What I want for dollar side is a fine coat and sword all same I tell you and the rest in copper rods. The cloth is traditionally used as either a wrapper, worn by high- ranking members of Ekpe group who often . The history of the Efik is one of the most documented in subsaharan Africa. [47] On the founding of Obutong, Colonial anthropologist M.D.W. AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes - Ekoi people jamba juice turmeric smoothie recipe; sainsbury's locksbottom parking charges; ekpe society cameroon; June 11, 2022; small mortuary obituaries mobile, alabama . PDF The Origin of Ekpe Masquerade and the Nsibidi symbols in Southern What role does religion play in society today? Ekpe" which literally means Lion, is a traditional secret society originated from the Ekoi tribe in Cross River State. [61] These papers were signed by the reigning monarchs of Creek town and Duke town who were Eyo Honesty II and Eyamba V.[61] King Eyamba and King Eyo had written letters to the British requesting that they bring in teachers to teach them trade and commerce and missionaries to aid them to know more about God. Prior to the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, the Efik had experienced a series of migration before their arrival along the coasts of Old Calabar. Ethnographic - (Mask, Elephant, Cape, Chicken Feather); Elephant Mask with Chicken Feather Cape, Bekom People, Cameroon. One account narrates that the Mbiabo group left first to their present location while the Iboku, Enwang and other clans were still at Ndodoghi. There are two distinct but related societies. At Creek town, the Efik ruler was Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo who had a number of children including Nsa Efiom, Edem Efiom, Okoho Efiom and Odo Efiom. The Ekpe is a men's society found in Abiriba, Aro-chukwu, Ohafia and many other Bende communities in Igbo land, it is a variation of the important Egbo Ejagham ( Ekoi) in the Upper Cross-River as well as the Efik Ekpe Society of Calabar. LEFT Mgballa Ekpe lodge with Ekpe members, Arochukwu, southeastern Nigeria. Her behavior at the board meeting was obsequious\mathit{obsequious}obsequious; for example, she actually offered to wash the company president's car! ________. The economics of the society is based on paying tribute to the village ancestors. A delegation of kp 'leopard' society initiates, as well as family members, traveled from Mamfe, Manyu Division of southwest Cameroon, to Yaound, the Cameroon capital to honor and reclaim the body of their leader and father, who had recently transited to the ancestors. [61] One of such letters written by King Eyamba V and the chiefs of Old Calabar states: Now we settle treaty for not sell slave, I must tell you something, I want your Queen to do for we. Some of the oldest of these societies were Nyana Nyaku and Nsibidi. [42] K.K. Cameroon with the Ekpe cult. African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade: Volume 1, The Sources nineteenth centuries, no large kingdoms controlled Nigeria and Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. As the slave trade was declining due to the strong global campaign against it, the effects on slave trading ports along the African coast was greatly experienced. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. Eye of the Needle - Ken Follett 2015-07-07 The worldwide phenomenon from the bestselling author of The Pillars of the Earth, World Known generally as Ekpe, Egbo, Ngbe, or Ugbe among the multi-lingual groups in the region, these closed groups all used the leopard as a symbol of masculine prowess in war and political authority in their various communities. Copyright Dr. Ivor L. Miller. The group has managed to stay mostly hidden for over more than 100 years. the exhibition explores the long- The primary society is located in the Cross River, Akwa Ibom and Arochukwu areas of Nigeria, and the secondary society consists of members from the Southern and Eastern Igbo groups of the same country. Voice of the Leopard: African Secret Societies and Cuba - AfroCubaWeb Imhotep was a revered personality as he was believed to be with super powers of healing and influencing people and affairs of the community. According to Parker, When there, Dick Ebro' asking him to go to war with him, he complied, and accordingly having sitted out and armed the canoes, they went up the river, lying under the bushes in the day when they came near a village; and at night flying up to the village, and taking hold of every one they could see. Photo by Eli Bentor. Simple theme. [47] At the time of their exit from Creek town, the reigning monarch of Creek town was their half brother Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai. The area from which the Sunjata Epic comes was historically: the geographical location of the great medieval African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. [47], By the seventeenth century, more Efik settlements had been founded. [44][52] Aye uses Adiaha Etim Anwa's ballad as one of the basis for his hypothesis. The Efik language was also spoken in several communities in Western Cameroon. Animals such as goats, chicken and dogs are consumed in Efik cuisine. There is not even one single manyangero mentioned on all the write up on any of the ekpe/mgbe stories. In The River Between, Waiyaki's father, Chege, is: The new, white man's religion is represented by the: Early in the story, Waiyaki undergoes his "second birth". The society is now seen as a fraternity along the masonic lines which tries to represent the interest of Efiks. Among the Southern Igbo, the Ekpe society, introduced from the Cross River area, uses contrasting masks to represent the maiden spirit and the elephant spirit, the latter representing ugliness and aggression and the former representing beauty and peacefulness. Sunjata's sister, Kolonkan, angers her younger brother Manding Bori when she: uses her powers to take the internal organs from animals he and his brothers killed, without cutting the animals open. That is why Sisiku Ojong Orock after consultation with the other Ekpe members and Sisiku Mfonten Mbu decided to acquire his own Nkanda Lodge in April 2003. part of the Balondos or Orokos in Ndian in Southern Cameroon) and Idombi (ie present town, called Bamusso in Ndian-Southern . Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. In addition to ritual propitiation of forest spirits to ensure the well-being of the community, this graded secret male society made and enforced laws by fines, capital punishment, or boycotts; judged cases; maintained internal peace; and served as the executive. Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, in the southern part of Cross River State. Here are 8 prominent cults and secret societies in Africa This exhibition, on view from April 18 to August 2, was organized by the Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, and generously supported by the William B. Jaffe and Evelyn A. Abaku is an Afro-Cuban men's initiatory fraternity, or secret society, which originated from the Ekpe society in the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. Ekpe translates to Leopard in the Efik language and is believed to be a spirit that resides in the forest. Internal details about the membership and brotherhood demands of this ancient group is supposedly a top secret known only to the members. (Ed.). What is a Free Agent "A free agent is one who isn't privileged with even one pure Leopard spiritline from the survivors of the Great Attempt. The Ekale and their famous shaking shoulders performing at the "Under the Volcano Festival", Limbe Cameroon. Right now, Ekpe . Another theory narrated by Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong asserts that Antia Ekot Otong founded Obutong. My party of 4 spent $400 at Space 220 in Disney World. [15] This theory appears to be isolated as other Ibibio writers do not narrate that such terms were used by the Ibibio. Why do you think it is important for us to understand our past? [37] A captured invader confessed that they were set to retrieve royal emblems which they believed the Efik had taken with them when they left Uruan. [26] Essien points out that Atakpor Uruan Inyang is one of the Efik deities and asserts that among the Uruan exists the saying "Ke Ndem Efik Iboku, Atakpor ke Ekuk", which can be interpreted to mean "Where there is the Efik deity, there is also Atakpor Uruan to share with it. The Prestigious Ekpe Masquerade of Calabar | ngEmbassy Some of the musical instruments that are important in the culture we have discussed are: the bala (balaphon), a kind of xylophone, and the kora, a gourd harp. One theory propounded by Okon and Nkpanam Ekereke asserts that the term "Efuk" was a word of defiance and an expression used by the Ibibio man when in a fit of rage. [66] [37] The Uruan invasion at Ikpa Ene is believed to be the origin of the Efik saying, "Ama okut Ibibio, ku n enye ika, Idem amasat Ibibio eyewot owo"(English: When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you). According to E.U. The Ogboni fraternity is said to have a strong affiliation to royalty, gerontological system of governance and the law enforcement of the community. The remains will then be taken to Kepelle Village in Cameroon for burial after that. The origins of these symbols date way before colonization, but, from my understanding, the use of these symbols died out as the influence of Ekpe secret society lessened. In the case of the latter, in the heat of the confusion, villagers would be kidnapped and sent to Calabar were they were sold. Explain. The most popular migration account within the Nigerian space asserts that the Efik people lived at Ibom in the present-day Arochukwu and migrated from Ibom to Uruan. Hope Waddell, Samuel Edgerley and four others. [76], Prior to the introduction of European-styled clothing, the Efik wore loin clothes made of Raffia (Efik: Ndam). african cultures exam 3 Flashcards | Quizlet Ibibio - People in southern Nigeria - Native Breed.org [32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. ""Hakuna Matata" (No More Worries) - Integrating - NSUWorks cherryblossom wrote on watzinaname's profile. Formerly the society earned a bad reputation due to what the British viewed as the barbarous customs that were intermingled with its rites. [15] Ekereke and Ekereke further assert that the word was later changed to "Efik". When the threads are cut, the nsibidi designs stand out, white against a deep blue background. Photo by Eli Bentor. History The Ekoi people, while all speaking the same language, have not tended to live in complete unison. The process of creating this richly symbolic cloth is laborious. The society is not a 'secret society or a cult,'3 what is secret is the representations of its emblem in material symbol - the ekpe stone and the nsibidi (sign language). Black Spirituality / Religion - General Discussion, http://odinanilawsofnature.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/finding-god-in-nature/, http://tourismafricana.com/origin-history-ekpe-soceity.html. At least in the past, very large sums were paid to attain these upper levels. They believed feasting on a human strengthened their bonds. Colonial Anthropologist M.D.W. A fraternal society that emerged in the western culture between the 16th and 7th century. During the colonial era, The Efik language was the only language taught in schools in many parts of the present-day Cross River and Akwa Ibom state. [37] When many of the Efik had left for Ndodoghi, a series of unfortunate events occurred. No disrespect allowed. [26] At Uruan, they were ruled by a number of priest-kings Ndidem. Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African [45] Eyo Ema's people occupied Otung in the south of Creek Town, Adim Atai and Ukpong Atai occupied the east and Efiom Ekpo's family occupied the Adakuko in the west. According to Simmons, "Most Informants maintain that the first people to Inhabit Creek Town were Efut fishermen from the southern Cameroons. According to Asuquo, Asibong Eso of Obutong was Old King Robin; Ekpenyong Efa of Adiabo was King John; Ani Eniang Nkot of Mbiabo Ikoneto was Robin King Agbisherea; Oku Ukpong Eton Ani of Mbiabo Ikot Offiong was William King Agbisherea; while Ukorebi Neneng Esien Ndem Ndem of Obomitiat Ikoneto was King Ebrero[55]. Among the earliest proponents of the Ibibio origin theory are Consul Hutchinson who stated, "The present inhabitants of Duke town, Old town and Creek town are descendants of the Egbo shary or Ibibio tribe up the Cross River. The society is still active at the beginning of the 21st century, now playing more of a ceremonial role. The design is left to the discretion of the Ezillo creators, who are not Ekpe members and do not know the meanings of nsibidi. [62][63] The first missionaries arrived in 1846. Efik Traditional Attires The Efik are an ethnic group - RefinedNG Jeffreys also stated, "There is reason to believe that a considerable portion of a small Ibibio clan called Ebrutu or Eburutu was the earliest stock of the Efik; for, when the missionaries settled in 1846 at Old Calabar amongst these people for the first time, it was found that they called themselves not Efik but Ebrutu or Ebrutu Efik. The Oroko Nation: A Look into the Past - Oroko Nation Among these included Yams, Fufu and an unidentified type of black soup frequently mentioned in 19th century Old Calabar literature. In a Somali tale, the main character, Eghal Shillet, is: a braggart and coward who finds every possible excuse to avoid going into battle. Define monsoon, Sanskrit, raja, caste system, caste, Hinduism, reincarnation, karma, dharma, yoga, Buddhism, ascetic, nirvana. In Amos Tutuola's The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator leaves his home and begins his adventure in the bush when: In the excerpt that we read from The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator and his wife encounter: In the Song of Lawino, by Okot p'Bitek, a woman speaks to: Lawino's husband's new wife is called _______________________(Either of two possible answers) in the text. The Leopard Society was allegedly a cannibalistic society in the early-to-mid 2oth century in Sierra Leone, Libera and Cte dIvoire. Transformation of the kp Masquerade in the African Diaspora When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you, Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death, Joshua Project Efik of Nigeria Ethnic People Profile, Souvenir Programme of the Coronation Service of His Royal Highness Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V, Obong of Calabar and Paramount Ruler of the Efiks, Abridgement of the minutes of the evidence, "Souvenir programme of the Coronation of Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V", "Cross river as a model for the evolution of Benue-Congo nominal class/concord systems", https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092842/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/pa-effiong-ukpong-aye-1918-2012/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Efik_people&oldid=1131332439, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 17:46.